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Declaring and disabling: TNPF neutralises Tamil sovereignty, self-determination & referendum
Declaring and disabling: TNPF neutralises Tamil sovereignty, self-determination & referendum
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Know the Etymology: 18
Place Name of the Day: Friday, 07 April 2017 Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam, Pallavarāyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam, Cēttuk-kuḷam, Āmpal-kuḷamகட்டுக்குளம், பல்லவராயன்கட்டுக்குளம், சேத்துக்குளம், ஆம்பல்குளம்Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam, Pallavarāyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam, Cēttuk-kuḷam, Āmpal-kuḷam Kaṭṭu+kuḷam Pallava+rāyaṉ+kaṭṭu+kuḷam Cēttu+kuḷam/ Cēṟu+kuḷam Āmpal+kuḷam The dammed tank or reservoir The tank, the dam of which was built by Pallavarāyaṉ The muddy pond or tank The pond or tank of a kind of waterlily
Kuḷam is a common word in Tamil, meaning a pond, tank or reservoir. The term has cognates in many Dravidian languages and is listed as Dravidian (DED 1828). The root Ku is related to concavity in Dravidian. See box on Kuḷam for related verbs and nouns in Tamil. Kuḷam is the most popular word noticed in Eezham Tamil place names. The distribution is seen throughout the Tamil region. Kuḷam comes in the form Kulama in the place names of North Central and North Western Provinces. A perusal of them would show traces of recent Sinhalicisation. However, Kuḷam was not new to Sinhala. A related Dravidian cognate, Kuḷī/ Kulī, in the meaning of tank, was present in old Sinhala as testified by inscriptions (Sorata). See column 65 for Kulama-related place names. Kuḷam meaning a pond: கருங்கால் வெண் குருகு மேயும் பெருங் குளம் (குறுந்தொகை, 325: 4-5) "Karuṅkāl veṇ kuruku mēyum peruṅ kuḷam" (Kuṟuntokai, 325: 4-5) The big pond in which the dark-legged white bird preys on Kuḷam meaning an irrigation tank or reservoir: "குளக் கீழ் விளைந்த …வெண்ணெல்" (புறநானூறு, 33: 5) "Kuḷak kīḻ viḷainta… veṇṇel" (Puṟanāṉūṟu, 33: 5) The white-rice paddy, grown (in the fields coming) under (the irrigation of) the tank A dam is one of the meanings for the word Kaṭṭu in Tamil and Sinhala. The word in this meaning corresponds to the Tamil/ Dravidian verb Kaṭṭu, meaning to build, tie, fasten etc. (DED 1147). From meaning a dam, the word Kaṭṭu alone stands for a tank in many place names. See other columns on the different meanings and usages of the word Kaṭṭu in place names A major tank/ place called Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam is in Kuchchaveli division of Trincomalee district. In the past, an entire division, named after this reservoir, was called Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam-paṟṟu (Padaviya One Inch Sheet). Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam is also found in Kandavalai division of Kilinochchi district, Thunukkay division of Mullaiththeevu district, Karaithuraippattu division of Mullaiththeevu district and in Poratheevuppattu division of Batticaloa district. See related place names for other examples in which Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam comes as a part of the name. Pallavarāyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam is located near Urutirapuram in Poonakari division of Kilinochchi district (Poonakari One Inch Sheet). Around 15 kms southwest of it, there is another place called Pallavarāyaṉ-kaṭṭu, in Tunukkai division of Mullaiththeevu district, where a larger tank could be found. Kaṭtu, meaning a dam, also stands for a dammed tank. Cēttuk-kuḷam is in Manthai West division of Mannar district Āmpal-kuḷam is the name of a small tank as well as a place in Karaichchi division of Kilinochchi district. More Āmpal-kuḷams are noted in Mullaiththeevu One Inch Sheet and in Vavuniya One Inch Sheet Some related place names: Kuḷam coming in official list of villages: Jaffna: Cuṇṭik-kuḷam: Vadamaratchi East, Jaffna Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Jaffna, Jaffna Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷattaṭi: Kayts, Jaffna Mannar district: Ñāṉi-ālaṅ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Iluppaik-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Kaṅkāṇi-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Nēca-rācaṉ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar. A name given recently Noccik-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Pāppāṅ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Periya-kaṇakkaṉ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Ciṉṉa-kaṇakkaṉ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Ciṟu-nāval-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Tttāvaṭi-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Tuppāci-āḷaṅ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Uppuk-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Periya-nāval-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar Uyilaṅ-kuḷam: Mannar, Mannar Uyirta-rācaṉ-kuḷam: Mannar Town, Mannar. A name given recently for a tank called Ūṟṟu-vāyaṉ-kuḷam or Ūttu-vāyaṉ-kuḷam Akattik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Ilavaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Icaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kaḷḷik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kaṇṇā-putuk-kuḷam: Manthai west, Mannar Karampaik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kaṟukkāyk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kumaṇayaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kuṟiñcāk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Kuruntaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Mainip-pul-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Mārik-kuḷam: Manthai west, Mannar. Māri: rainy season Mariyā-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Mariyā: Mary Marutōṇṭuvān-Veḷḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Veḷḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Veḷḷāṉ: a member of the cultivating caste or community; Veḷḷāmai, Veḷḷāṇmai: cultivation; from the root Viḷai: to cultivate, produce, grow etc., (Tamil, DED 5437); or from Vēḷ: a great man, chief (Tamil, DED 5545) Kōyil-kuḷam: Manthai West, Manthai; Nanaddan, Mannar Karuṅ-kaṇṭal Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Vaṇṇāṉ: launderer (Tamil, DED 5241) Āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Āṇṭāṉ: see column 120 Kāttāṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Kāttāṉ: protector, the folk deity Kāttavarāyan; Kā: (verb) to protect (Tamil, DED 1416) Pālaiyaṭi-putuk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Pālaiyaṭi: the village name Naḷavaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Oluk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Pūk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Putuk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Manna Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Cētu-vināyakar-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Cēttuk-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Cavēri-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Cavēri: Xavier Cōḻa-maṇṭalak-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Paṟaiya-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Cultāṉ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar. Cultān: Sultan, often comes as a personal name Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Timila-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar; Madu, Mannar Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Manthai West, Mannar; Madu, Mannar Alai-kal-pōṭṭa-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ampaṭṭa-iluppaik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Cekkaṭik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Cēmanāttiyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Iraṇai-iluppaik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kākkaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kaḷḷik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kaṅkāṇi-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Karampaik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Karaiyāṉ-kaṭṭiṉa-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kuṇṭu-maṇik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Muḷḷik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Paṉaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Paṇṭāra-iluppaik-kuḷam: Madu, Manar Paṇikkar-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Paṟaṅki-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Periya-kuñcuk-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Pēyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Pūcāriyār-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Pulaviṟ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ramanāta-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ciṉṉa-aracaṅ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ciṉṉa-kuñcuk-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Ciṟu-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Talaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Tampaṉaik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Uvaci-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar. Uvaci: Upatēci: preacher Villiyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Vināyakar-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Āṭiya-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Aṉṉammā-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Kākkaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Iṟaṇai-iluppaik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar Naṟuvilik-kuḷam: Madu, Mannar. Naṟuvili: sebestan plum, Cordia myxa (Tamil, DED 3627); Naṟuḷi: another form of the name Naṟuvili (Tamil, DED 3627); Naṟuvari: Cordia myxa (Malayalam, DED 3627); Nakkera: Cordia myxa (Telugu, DED 3627); Viracu, Viricu, Virucu: large sebestan; Viriyaṉ: common sebestan (Tamil, DED 5408); Virigi: Cordia sebestena (Telugu, DED 5408); Kūḻa: the name commonly found used for Naṟuvili in Eezham Tamil, perhaps from the pulpy nature of its fruits. Kūḻ: thick gruel, porridge, semi-liquid food, food (Tamil, DED 1911) Vañciyaṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar. Vañciyaṉ: probably Valañciyaṉ Iraṭṭaik-kuḷam: Nanaddan. Mannar Accaṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar. Accaṉ: father (Tamil, DED 50); father, lord (Malayalam, DED 50); Acci: mother, a woman of the Nayar community (Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, DED 50) Iṭaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Iṟakkai-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Kompaṉ-cāynta-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Kollar-ciṟu-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Kaḷi-mōṭṭai Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Kaṟ-kiṭanta-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Kōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Makiḻaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Mūrkkarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Mayiliṟakuk-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Naḷavaṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Noccik-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar; Musali, Mannar Paḷḷaṉ-kōṭṭai-ciṟu-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Paṇikkar-ciṟu-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Pācik-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Periya-vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Pettāṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Pūppūttāṉ-kuḷam: Nanaddaan, Mannar Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Cāmpaṉ-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Ciṉṉa-vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Tēttāk-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Uṭaiyāvai-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Vāḻkkaippaṭṭāṉ-kaṇṭal Mēt-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Vaṅkālaik-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Nanaddan, Mannar Akamatu-nainā-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Aḷavakkai-ciṟu-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Nūrāni-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Pālaiyaṭi-ciṟu-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Pāḻk-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Periya-kūmak-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Periya-noccik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Periya-taṇakkaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Piccai-vāṇipaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Cāypu-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar. Cāypu: Saibu, Saheb Ciṉṉa-noccik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ciṉṉa-taṇakkaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Cōṉaka Neduṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Tampaṭṭa-mutali-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Pū-noccik-kuḷam: Musali. Mannar Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Muḷḷik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Antōṉi-meliñci-kuḷam: near Arippu, Musali, Mannar. Note another place name Meliñci-muṉai in Kayts Arippu-veṭṭuk-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar. The Veṭṭuk-kuḷam in Arippu Caṭaiyappaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ceṭṭiyappaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ilai-kaṟik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ilantaik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ilantai-mōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Ittik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kiṅkiṇiyār-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kōṉār-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kūḻāṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kūmak-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Kōviṟ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Maṇaṯ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Muḷḷik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Muttirai-paṟi-ālaṅ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Nācuvaṉ-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar. Nācuvaṉ: = Nāvitan: barber Vaṭṭak-kōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Musali, Mannar Viyāṭik-kuḷam: Viyā-aṭik-kuḷam; Musali, Mannar Vavuniya district: Āṇṭār-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya Maṇṇā-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya Īrap-periya-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya Kaṟ-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya. Puḷi: acidity, tartness, tamarind (Tamil, DED 4322) Kaṉakarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya North, Vavuniya. Maṇṇā-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya Periya-uḷuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya Pāvaṟ-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya. Pāval, Pākal: balsam pear, Momordica charantia (Tamil, DED 4045) Īrap-periya-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya. Īṟal: big forest (Batticaloa glossary, Kanthaiya) Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya Mahā-mayilaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya Putu-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya South, Vavuniya. Recently Sinhalicised as Pudu-bulan-kulama Paṉṟikkeyta-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya. Paṇṟikku-eyta-kuḷam Āṟumukattāṉ-putuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Makiḻaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Iḷa-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Kaḷḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya. Kaḷḷi: cactus type of plants, spurge, milk hedge, prickly bear, Euphobia, Euphorbia tirucalli, Opuntia dillenii (Tamil, DED 1383) Putuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Mahā-rampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Neḷuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Cāḷampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Cāstiri-Kūḻāṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Īccaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Rācēntiraṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Kūmaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Kōyil-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Veḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Āci-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Rampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Vairavap-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Paṇṭārik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya. Paṇṭāri: a community of Saiva religious mendicants (Tamil); Baṇṭāri: a community of religious mendicants (Āńḍi-kula) found in Vavuniyaa (Sinhala, Sorata, citing Codrington). See column 20 Vēlaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Mayilaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Mahā-rampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Kūmaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Kāttār-ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Paṭṭāṇicci Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Puvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya, Vavuniya Āṇṭiyā-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya. Āṇṭi: See column 20 Pirāmaṇālaṅ-kuḷam: Pirāmaṇa-ālaṅ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Periya-puḷi-ālaṅ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Kurukkaḷ-putuk-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Pāvaṟ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Mutaliyār-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Ciṉṉa-cippik-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Nēriya-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya. Nēri: dam Ceṭṭi-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Kiristō-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulama, Vavuniya Mukattāṉ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya Kaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya. Kaṅku: ridge, dam Veṅkalac-ceṭṭi-kuḷam: Venkalachcheddikulam, Vavuniya. Veṇ-kalam: bronze, bronze ware, literally meaning the bright ware (Tamil); from Veṇ: white, shining, bright (Tamil, DED 5496); kalam: vessel, utensil, plate (Tamil, DED 1305); Veṇ-kalam: also silver ware: "Ūn tuvai aṭicil veḷḷi veṇ-kalattu ūṭṭa" (Puṟanāṉūṟu: 390: 17-18); bronze, also called Kañcam (Piṅkala Nikaṇṭu, 6: 140); a metal (Tamil inscription, SII, viii, 557) Mullaiththeevu district: Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Ampalap-perumāḷ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Anicciyaṉ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu. Anicciyaṉ: Aṇiñcil, Aḻiñcil: a tree Iyaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu. Iyaṅku: a thorny shrub Karampaik-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Kīḻk-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Kottampiyā-kuḷam: Thuniukkai, Mullaiththeevu Kōṭṭai-kaṭṭiya-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu. Probably a tank from where earth was taken to build a fort Teṉṉiyaṉ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu. Teṉṉiyaṉ: related to the Pandya dynasty. Another tank in the locality is called Cōḻiyaṉ-kuḷam Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Maṇal-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Navanaṉ-kuḷam: Thunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Putuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai, Mullaiththeevu Ammi-vaitta-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kolla-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Oṭṭaṟutta-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mulaiththeevu. Oṭṭu-aṟutta-kuḷam Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Cirāṭṭik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu. Cirāṭṭi: a ceremonial cloth noted in the annals of Vanni; a white cloth tinged with saffron at each end (Manual of Vanni, p. 104); may be a sign like Bōlāna Vaṉṉi-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Āṇṭa-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Āṇṭiyā-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Appāṇṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Iḷa-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Iṟamaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kaṇakkaṉā-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Karampaik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kaṟ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kiṭāy-piṭitta-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kolla-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kompu-vaitta-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kukanayaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kumarik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kumiḻaṭik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kumiḻaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Kummā-kuḻam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu. Kummā, Kommā: probably meaning a forest or thicket Maṇaṟ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Mūppayaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Muṟiya-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Nāvaṟ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Neṭuṅ-kēṇik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Nīlap-piṭṭiyā-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu; Nīlam: indigo plant Oṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Oṭṭaṟutta-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Pāṇṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Periya-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Piḷḷaiyaṉār-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Pirāmaṇālaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Pūtar-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Caṅkanyan-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Cempar-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Ciṉṉāṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Cirāṭṭik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Tekkilāṉ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Vairavap-periya-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Vaṉṉi-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Vavunik-kuḷam: Manthai East, Mullaiththeevu Yā-maruta-kuḷam: Manthai east, Mullaiththeevu Kai-vēlik-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Kal-vāṉ-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Kumarēcaṉ-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Maṇal-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Naṭaṉamiṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Puthukkuḍiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu. May be like Kaṭṭāṭi, Pēyaṭi, Kuttāṭi etc. Oṭṭaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Caṭavakkaṉ-kuḷam: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Ālaṭik-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Alai-kalup-pōṭṭa-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Alla-veṭṭuvāṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Ampalavan-paṟṟuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Amutaṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Iyaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Kaṅkāṇiyā-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Karampaik-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Kātaliyār-camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu. Kātaliyār: legends associate the place with a woman Māṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Muttaiyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu. Muttaiyaṉ: Muttu-aiyaṉ Paṇikkaṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Periya-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Kiḻavaṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Koyyāk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan. Mullaiththeevu Māṇṭa-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Maṇiyar-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Māṅ-kuḷam: Oddusudaan, Mullaiththeevu Meiya-kalluk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Mutaliyā-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Mutiyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Nāvik-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Paṭṭip-pilavuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Paṇikkaṉ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Periya-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Periya-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Pirāmaṇālaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Putuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Puttuyirppuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu. A new name Taṇṇi-muṟippuk-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Vēlaṅ-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Oddusuddan, Mullaiththeevu Ālaṭik-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Amaiyaṅ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Mata-vāla-ciṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Āṟumukattāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mulaiththeevu Ilaṅkai-nārāyaṇaṉ-kuḷam: Karathuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu. Ilaṅkai-nārāyaṇaṉ: personal name of a chieftain of Vanni Ēyaṉ-kuḷam: Karaithurippattu, Mullaiththeevu Kāyāṭik-kuḷam: Kāyāvaṭik-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Kaṭaiyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Kīccuk-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mulliththeevu Kuṅcuk-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Kuruntūrk-kuḷam: Karathuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Maṉaṟ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Nāvaṟ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Nittikaik-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Paṭu-kāṭṭuk-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Paḻaiya-āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Paṉṟi-cuṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Puḻutikkal-kuḷam: Karithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Cāmpaṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Cempu-tāṇṭa-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Uṭuppuk-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Uttaraiyaṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Vari-vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Karaithuraippattu, Mullaiththeevu Kuḷa-vayal: Puthukkudiyiruppu, Mullaiththeevu Kilinochchi district: Koṟṟāṇṭār-kuḷam: Pachchilaippalli, Kilinochchi Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Kōṇaṉ-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Maṇṇaṭitta-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi. Maṇ+aṭitta+kuḷam Periya-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Iraṭṭaip-paṉaik-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Campuk-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Putuk-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Āmpal-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Periya-kuḷam: Kandavalai, Kilinochchi Akkarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi. Akkarāyaṉ: name of a ruler Āṉai-viḷuntāṉ-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Kanakāmpikaik-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi. Kaṉakāmpikai: name of the presiding deity of the temple there. Vaṉṉērik-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Kantan-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Maṇiyaṅ-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Ūriyāṉ-kuḷam: Karaichchi, Kilinochchi Ellaik-kal-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Karik-koṭṭuk-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Katira-vil-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Kāvak-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Moṭṭaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Nalla-taṇṇīrk-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Nakarak-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Pūk-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Cempaṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari, Kilinochchi Batticaloa district: Maturaṅ-kēṇik-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa; Addalaichchenai, Amparai Periya-kuḷam: Alaiyadivempu, Amparai Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Pottuvil, Amparai Mīyaṉ-kuḷam: Koralippattu, Batticaloa Mīyan-kal-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Neṭuṅ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Pēyaṉ-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Cāḷampaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Cōtaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa: Acōtaiyaṉ: a ruler noted in the legends of the East Akattiyar-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Āṇṭār-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Īrala-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Karaṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Kitul-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Puttu-veḷik-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Camuḻaṅ-cōlaik-kuḷam: Eravur, Batticaloa Iṟāl-kuḷam: Eravurppattu, Batticaloa: Iṟāl: 1. Prawn; 2. Īṟal: big forest (Batticaloa glossary, Kanthaiya) Kirāṉ-kuḷam: Manmunaippattu, Batticaloa Ollik-kuḷam: Manmunaippattu, Batticaloa Kōyil-kuḷam: Manmunaippattu, Batticaloa Puṉṉaik-kuḷam: Poratheevuppattu, Batticaloa Ammaṉ-kuḷam: Poratheevuppattu, Batticaloa Kuḷak-kōṭṭaṉ-kirāmam: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa. Kuḷakkōtṭaṉ: a legendary king associated with the construction of tanks in the East and in Vanni; the place name is a recent one Kuḷattu-maṭu: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Kuḷattu-vaṭṭai: Koralaippattu, Batticaloa Trincomalee district: Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee; Poratheevuppattu, Batticaloa Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam-paṟṟu: a former division in Trincomalee (One Inch Sheet) Periya-kuḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee Paḷḷak-kuḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee Vaṭalik-kuḷam: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee Iluppaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Kaṟ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Marai-eṟiñcāṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Mutaliyār-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Puḷiyañ-kuḷam: Trincomalee Town and Gravets, Trincomalee Maṇiyaracaṉ-kuḷam: Kinniya, Trincomalee. Maṇiyaracaṉ: name of a ruler in the legends of Trincomalee Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Kinniya, Trincomalee Kuṭṭiyā-kuḷam: Kinniya, Trincomalee Veḷḷāṅ-kuḷam: Kinniya, Trincomalee Āviyā-kuḷam: Moothoor, Trincomalee Ittik-kuḷam: Moothoor, Trincomalee Mara-vaṭṭaik-kuḷam: Moothoor, Trincomalee Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Moothoor, Trincomalee Poli-kaṇṭik-kuḷam: Sinhalicised as Puli-kanḍi-kulama: Gomarankadawela, Trincomalee. Polikaṇṭi: paddy field part Noccik-kuḷam: Sinhalicised as Nocci-kulama: Mutalikkuḷam/ Morawewa, Trincomalee Paṉ-kulam: Sinhalicised as Pan-kulama: Mutalikkulam/ Morawewa, Trincomalee Pamman-kuḷac-cēṉai: Moothoor, Trincomalee Pokkaiya-kuḷac-cēṉai: Moothoor, Trincomalee Ullaik-kuḷac-cēṉai: Moothoor, Trincomalee Ālaṅ-kuḷattuc-cōlai: Kuchchaveli, Trincomalee Kuḷam from One Inch Sheets: Delft Sheet: Aṟumaṉ-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Uttarai-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Īccaṅ-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Periya-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Kākkayaṉ-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Poṭṭal-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Mutaliyā-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Iṟavaṇṭaik-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Veṭṭuk-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS. The excavated pond; this was excavated in the Dutch times. Veṭṭu: (verb) to cut, dig as a well (Tamil, DED 5478) Cilukkaraik-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Toṇṭaṉ-kuḷam: Delft, Delft OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Nayiṉā-tīvu, Delft OIS Nari-tūkki-kuḷam: Nayiṉā-tīvu, Delft OIS Peruṅ-kuḷam: Nayiṉā-tīvu, Delft OIS Kirāyk-kuḷam: Nayiṉā-tīvu, Delft OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Kauṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Aṭai-kātta-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Maṇṭakak-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Paṇṭattaṉaik-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Periya-kirāyk-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Ampaik-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Kikkiliyā-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Tikaḻik-kuḷam: Puṅkuṭu-tīvu, Delft OIS Jaffna Sheet: Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Aṉalai-tīvu, Jaffna OIS Vērak-kuḷam: Kārai-tīvu, Jaffna OIS Kiḷuvāṉaik-kuḷam: Kārai-tīvu, Jaffna OIS Ilantaik-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Karantuk-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Periya-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Cuḷa-kuṇṭik-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Nittul-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Cilinta-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna. Cilumpu: to flow out, gush out (Tamil, DED 2569); Cilupu: a pond (Telugu, DED 2569); Silka: river, brook (Kolami, Naikri, Gondi, DED 2569); Cilime, Cilme, Cilimbi: a small tank (Tulu, DED 2367); Cilume: a small pit, spring of water, fountain head, dried-up tank (Kannada, DED 2367) Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Nārakkā-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Peruṅ-kuḷam: Kayts, Jaffna OIS Puṉṉālaik-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Naḷavarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Kaṟ-kaḻik-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Piṉākkaik-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Alukkaik-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Cemmaṇik-kuḷam: Jaffna OIS Paṇṭārak-kuḷam: Nallūr, Jaffna Point Pedro Sheet: Veruttik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Kākkaraik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Attoḷuk-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Kallikkaik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Neṟ-koḻuk-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Intiral-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Ilakaṭik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Vēlaṅka-polatti-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Mā-kanta-ciṭṭik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Kavaṭik-kirāyk-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Muḷḷik-kirāyk-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Kūṉik-kirāyk-kuḷam: Mantuvil. Point Pedro OIS Matalaik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Ollik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Tavaci-kuḷam: Koṭi-kāmam, Point Pedro OIS. Tavaci: hermit, mendicant (Tamil); Tapas: religious austerity, related to heat, pain (Sanskrit, Rig Vedic, CDIAL 5674) Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Viṭattal-paḻai, Point Pedro OIS Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Paṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Ittāvil, Point Pedro OIS Iluppaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Point Pedro OIS Paṉṉaik-kuḷam: Nākar-kōyil, Point Pedro OIS Campuk-kuḷam: Cempiyaṉ-paṟṟu, Point Pedro OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-tuṟaik-kuḷam: Mukamālai, Point Pedro OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Kaccāy, Point Pedro OIS Ilantait-tiṭal-kuḷam: Varaṇi. Point Pedro OIS Kaṭal-kirāñci-tāḻvuk-kuḷam: Varaṇi, Point Pedro OIS Īrallik-kirāyk-kuḷam: Kaitaṭi, Point Pedro OIS Kollaṉ-kirāyk-kuḷam: Cāvakaccēri, Point Pedro OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Cāvakaccēri, Point Pedro OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Kaccāy, Point Pedro OIS Ōvālk-kuḷam: Kaccāy, Point Pedro OIS Iluvarayiṟ-kuḷam: Caracālai, Point Pedro OIS Peruṅ-kuḷam: Cāvakaccēri, Jaffna Elephant Pass Sheet: Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: five places, Elephant Pass OIS Nelliyā-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Kōyil-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Maṇal-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Irutalaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Oṭṭaṉ-paḷḷam-kuḷam: Paḻai, Elephant Pass OIS Tirāyk-kuḷam: Paḻai, Elephant Pass OIS Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Periya-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Karanṭāik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Pāppāṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS. Pāppāṉ: Pappāṉ-pūṇtu: Wild Chayaroot, Aldenlandia corymbosa (Tamil, MTL) Māvilaṅkaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Taṉip-paṉaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Iraṭṭaip-paṉaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Kuñcik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Ciraṭṭai-paṟiccāṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Vērak-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Kaṟuppi-cetta-kuḷam/ Karai-pōṭṭa-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Paṉai-niṉṟa-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Kokkaṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS. Kokku+aṭampaṉ+kuḷam Iṟampaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Taccaṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS. Tacca+aṭampaṉ+kuḷam Uppuk-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Telliyāy-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Taṉi-vaḷaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Muḷḷiyāṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Alukkaṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Mallan-karaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Eḻuvaraik-koṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Pottu-valaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Tāvaḷaik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Teṉayaṉ-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Nāy-cetta-paḷḷam-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Kaṟukkāyk-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Piramantal-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Nel-vēlik-kuḷam: Elephant Pass OIS Korakkaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: near Parantaṉ, Elephant Pass OIS. Korakkaṉ-kaṭṭu is a cultivation field marked separately Vavaṉik-kuḷam: near Ūriyāṉ, Elephant Pass OIS Pūnakari: Vaṭṭak-kirāñcik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Taḷik-kuḷam: three places, Poonakari OIS Nalla- taṇṇik-kuḷam: two places, Poonakari OIS Āṉaip-pāppaṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS. See Pāppaṉ-kuḷam Kaṭaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Cori-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Kōvil-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Periya-tampirāy-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Ellaik-kal-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Mēlaṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS. Mēl+aṭampaṉ+kuḷam Teḷivuk-karaik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Kokkuṭaiyāṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS. Kokku+uṭaiyāṉ+ kuḷam Kavāk-kuḷam: two places, Poonakari OIS Marakkāyar-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Mūlaik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Karaiyām-piṭṭik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Kuñcu-āṉai-viḻuntāṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Kaṭaliṟañcit-tāḻvuk-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Cekkālaik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Karumāṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Aracapuram-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Nañciṭṭa-kāṭu-kuḷam: near Akkarāyaṉ-kuḷam, Poonakari OIS. Probably, related to Nañcuṇṭaṉ: poison ball plant, Balanites roxburghii; Nañcuṇṭam: a tree, Gardenia turgida; Nañcuṇṭai: a tree, the seeds of which are of narcotic content, but used in native medicine, Compound corymbed, Yellow-flowered resin seed, Pittospermum floribundum (Tamil, MTL); also note the place name, Nañcuṇṭāṉ-veḷi in Putukkuṭiyiruppu Kaccaṟ-koṭip-paḷḷam-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Olikkaṉār-kuḷam: Poṉṉā-veḷi, Poonakari OIS Paḻaiyil-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS Pallavarāyaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Uruttirapuram, Poonakari OIS. This place is different from Pallavarāyan-kaṭṭu in Tuṇukkāy where a bigger reservoir is found. Pallavarāyaṉ: also Pallavaraiyaṉ: title of a high official or commander, as seen in Tamil inscriptions between late 8th century CE and 13th century CE (Tamil, inscriptions; examples: Pañcavaṉ Pallavaraiyaṉ, 780 CE, SII, xiv, 17; Aṇṇaṉ Pallavarāyaṉ, 1175 CE, EI, xxii, 14); a high official or commander, either coming from the Pallava country or connected to the Pallave country; many having the title were in the service of the Cholas; Araiyaṉ: also Aracaṉ, Araicaṉ: king, soverign, prince (Tamil, DED 201, cognates in 8 Dravidian languages; DED cites Dravidian Prakrit; Rājan: chieftain, king (Sanskrit, CDIAL 10679) Tunukkai Sheet: Vaṉṉērik-kuḷam: Poonakari OIS. Vaṉ+nērik+kuḷam, or Vaṉ+ērik+kuḷam; Nēri, Ēri: dam Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kōṇā-malaik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Tēttāvaṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Tēttā: Tēṟṟā, Tēṟu: a tree Perum-parappuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Tīk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Muruṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Tuṇukkāy, Tunukkai OIS Paṇṭi-veṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Cāḻampaṉ-kuḷam: two places, Tunukkai OIS Aṇicciyaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Aṇiñcil, Aḻiṅcil: a tree Karampaik-kuḷam: two places, Tunukkai OIS Kucavaṉ-kuḷam: two places, Tunukkai OIS Paṭṭaṅkaṭṭi-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Murukkaṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Murukku+aṭik-kuḷam Āṉai-viḻuntāṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Uppuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Paṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Nākap-paṭuvaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kariyālaik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Aṇai-pōṭṭa-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kōṭṭai-kaṭṭiṉa-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Nari-veraṭṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kotampiyā-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Āṉai-cetta-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: two places, Tunukkai OIS Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Putuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Koṅkaṇaṉ-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Tēvaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Paṇṭi-veṭṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Viraḷip-puḷik-kuḷam: Maṉṉiyakuḷam, Tunukkai OIS Maṉṉiya-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kuñcu-āṉai-viḻuntāṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Maṇal-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Teṉṉiyaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Cōḻiyaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Muttaraiyaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Āvarañ-cāṭṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Kaṇṭiyat-tēvaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Āvarañ-cāṭṭik-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Veḷḷāṅ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Tēvaṉ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Tekkai-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS Otiyaṅ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Oti: a tree Kīḻ-kuḷam: Tunukkai OIS. Compare it with Mēl-kuḷam/ Mēṟ-kuḷam Iranaimadu Sheet: Nilaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kākkaraiyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Kākkarai: Kautāri Paṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Pūvaliyāṉ-vayal-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Pīk-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Probably, Pīlik-kuḷam; the dam of the tank is built across a stream called Marutap-pīli-āṟu Timpilik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kaivēlik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kaṅkāṇiyā-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Cakaḷattup-pulavuk-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kollaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Pirāmaṇaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Koṭi-tāṅkiya-kuḷam: Oṭṭucuṭṭāṉ, Iranaimadu OIS Kaṭṭaik-kāṭu-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kākkap-paṇikkaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Cāḷampaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Veṭukku-nāṟik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Murukku-veṭṭuvāṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. The Kuḷam in Murukku-veṭṭuvāṉ Iyaṅkan-kuḷam: two places, Iranaimadu OIS Maṇṇā-kaṇṭal-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puḷiyaṭik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Paṉiccaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Periya-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuñcu-nāccik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Neṟ-pulavuk-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuñcu-kōṭālik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Uṭaiyār-camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Paṇṭārak-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Iyaṅkaṭi-veḷiyiṟ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Iyaṅku+aṭi+veḷi+il+kuḷam Cēṉarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Ceṭṭi-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Ampaṭṭa-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Taṭṭā-malaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vēṭaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kaṟ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Karampaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Muṟippāṉ-karaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Āṉai-viḻuntāṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kīri-cuṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Poṟ-parappik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kantacāmi-kōyil-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Paṇikkar-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: three places, Iranaimadu OIS Puṟ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Marutōṇṭik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Āmpal-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Katiraṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Mutaliyā-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuruntan-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Muṟiyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puli-cetta-kuḷam: Kokkāvil, Iranaimadu OIS Kāyaāṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Maṇal-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Marutaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Karik-kuruviyāṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Karik-kuruvi: king crow, glossy black bird with long forked tail, Dicrurus macrocercus (Tamil, MTL, DED 1278a + 1793) Ampalavaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Pantaṉaik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vitāṉai-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puli-kuttik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vaṇṭik-kaṭṭu-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vaṉṉi-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Ammi-vaittāṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuñci-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Yā-maritaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Karaṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kaḷuttu-muṟittāṉ-kuḷam: Maṇavāḷam-paṭṭa-muṟippu, Iranaimadu OIS Kāṭṭup-paruttik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Taccaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puḻumac-cilanti-kuḷam: Ampakāmam, Iranaimadu OIS. Puḻumac-cilanti: Puli-mukac-cilanti: tiger-faced spider, Tarantula, Bycosa nidifex (Tamil, MTL); Cilanti: spider (Tamil, DED 2562) Kumutaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Pacimpai-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kal-pokkai-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Tiruk-kuḷam: Oṭṭucuṭṭāṉ, Iranaimadu OIS Paḻaiya-camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kuñcup-paruttik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Nāvik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Uḷuviyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Kumiḻaṅ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Puttu-veṭṭuvāṉ-maṇaṟ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. The Kuḷam in Puttu-veṭṭuvāṉ Paṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Karu-velik-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS Cempeṭutta-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Cempu+eṭutta+kuḷam; probably where copper was mined Tuttaṉ-kuḷam: Iranaimadu OIS. Tutti: various plants; 1. Wrinkled leaved evening mallow, abutilon asiaticum; 2 . Country mallow, Perun-tutti; 3. Narrow wooly stipuled lotus croton, Vaṭṭat-tutti; 4 white mulberry tree, morus alba; 5. Spiked bitter cucumber Mullaiththeevu: Vāveṭṭik-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Maṇaṟ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Pūtaṉ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Marutaṅ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Iḷa-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Kāyāvaṭik-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS. Kāyā+aṭi+kuḷam Paṇṭik-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Kuruntaṉ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Maḻavarāyaṉ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Āmpal-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Karukkal-veḷik-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Iṟāl-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Periya-puḷiyañ-kuḷam: Mullaittivu OIS Māntai: Paṅki-kuḷam: Iluppaikkaṭavai, Mantai OIS Periya-kuḷam: two places, Mantai OIS Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: two places, Mantai OIS Maṇṇāṅ-kaṭṭik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Nāvalaṭik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Montaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Iyaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Ceṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Karaṅ-kāmam-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kompaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kucava-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kaḷḷiyaṭic-ciṟu-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṭṭattu-veḷik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kōṇaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Naḷava-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Periya-cavari-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Cavari; Xavier Kūrāyk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Āṇṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Antaṇa-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kāttāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kāraiyaṭik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Kārai+aṭi+kuḷam Kottāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Kottāṉ: a creeper Oluk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Ciṟu-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Civantaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Pālaik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Vāṇivaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Nāvalaṭik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kaṟukkāk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Vēlak-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Karampaik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kāttāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Viḷātti-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṇikkar-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kaṅkāṇi-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kucava-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Valiya-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Muḷḷik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kuṟiñcāk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Naravik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Probably Naṟuvilik-kuḷam Muttiyaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kaṭṭayaṉ-perumāḷ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Velatti-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Mūppaṉ-kuḷam: Paṉaṅ-kāmam, Mantai OIS Cempar-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Iṟamiyaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Poṭi-tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kuṟi-cuṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. See Kuṟi-cuṭṭa-kuḷam Ummiṭiyāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Uttiraṅ-koṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kūmak-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Cekkaṭik-kuḷam: Panaṅkāmam, Mantai OIS Vavunik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Pāṇṭiyaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Oṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kompaṟutta-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Kompu+aṟutta-kuḷam Cāḷampaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kuruntaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kaṭṭuk-karaik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. The Tamil name for Giant's Tank, the largest ancient reservoir built in the North of the island Puḷiyālaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Puḷi+āl+am+kuḷam: where tamarind and banyan are found together Periya-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Culuttāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Levvai-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Levvai: Lebbe Paṭṭāṇi-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kōṭṭaik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Akattik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Iṟumaṉ-veḷi Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Iṟumaṉ: probably, Viṟumaṉ: a folk deity, from Viṟuma-vairavar < Piruma-vairavar < Brahma-bhairava: the form of Siva that took away the top head of Brahma Cēttuk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṟaiya-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Icaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kuṟiñcāk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Cāḷampaik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Māṉip-pulluk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kāttāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Pālaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Narik-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Periya-nāval-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Kalaiyap-perumāḷ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Pāppāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Mariyā-putuk-kuḷam: Mantai OIS. Mariyā: Mary Vaiyattāṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Paṟaṅki-ciṟu-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Periya-kaṅkan-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Ciṉṉa-kaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Mantai OIS Murunkan Sheet: Vañciyaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vaṇṇā-kuḷam: two places Muruṅkaṉ OIS Paṇikkar-ciṟu-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Piṭāri-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Ittik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Noccik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Ciṉṉa-noccik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Maṇal-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Peruṅ-kaṭṭuc-ciṟu-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Karuṅkālik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vaṭṭavāṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Cōṉaka-neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Piccai-vāṇipaṉ-neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Ālaṭik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Ūmattai-vempuk-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vakai-kaṭṭiṉa-oluk-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Periya-kalluk-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kākkaraṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Oṭṭara-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Neṭuṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Amicci-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Uppaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Koṅka-rāyaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Palakai-viḻunta-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Karampaik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Nellik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Nel-vēlik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kaṟukkā-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Paṇikka-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Muruṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Pettāṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Mūkkaṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Cāmpāṉ-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Varakuc-cēṉaik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Piramiya-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS. Pirami: a prostrate herb, Herpestis monniera (Tamil, MTL) Kirittō-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS. Kirittō: Jesus Christ Periya-paṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Piḷḷai-noccik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Paṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Aṟukam-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Karaiyā-kalluk-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Cāḷampaik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Veḷḷaiyar-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Pirāmaṇālaṅ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS. Pirāmaṇa+ālaṅ+kuḷam Paṟaiyanālaṅkuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS. Paṟaiyaṉ+ālaṅ+kuḷam Paravip-pāñcāṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kuturu-viṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Marakkāyar-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Tampaṉaik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Ceṭṭi-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Cōṉaka-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vaikāḷit-tēvan-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vairava-tēvar-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Karampaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Kamak-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Virāy-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Nākaṉ-kuḷam: Muruṅkaṉ OIS Vavuniya Sheet: Vēḷḷaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Māvilaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Naṟuvilik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Āvaraṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Maṅkait-tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Ilantaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: found in several places, Vavuniya OIS Nellik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Karuṅkālik-kuḷam: found in several places, Vavuniya OIS Kōyil-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pūcāriyār-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tekkilāṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Ittik-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS Ciṉṉa-āvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Periya-aracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kākkayaṉ-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS Uvark-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kal-vēlik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Karaiyā-alampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mutaliyā-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vēlaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mēl-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Paṇikkar-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pāvaṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Pāvaṭṭai: 1. a plant, Pavetta indica; 2. common bottle flower, Webara corymbosa; 3. a small tree, Malabar nut, Āṭā-tōṭai, Justicia adhatoda (Tamil, MTL, DED 4103); Pāvaṭṭā: Āḍātōḍā (Sinhala, Sorata); Āṭā-tōṭai: because it is eaten only by goats (Āṭu: goat; Tōṭu: collection, assemblage, bunch, leaf, petal; Naṟṟiṇai 206: 2; Tamil DED 5152 + DED 3480) Pirappaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Paracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kaḷḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Aracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Nālu-muṟippuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Ma-maṭu, Vavuniya OIS Vayiravar-ciṉṉakkuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vaṭa-kāṭu Puḷiyaṅkuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Naḷavan Kal-vīraṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. See Kal-vīraṉ-kuḷam Muṭavaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Iṟampai-veṭṭik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Oṭṭamaṭaiccik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Oṭṭam+aṭaicca+kuḷam Taṇakkaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Taṇakku: whirling nut, Gyrocarpus jacquini (Tamil, DED 3046) Kāṭṭup-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Iyaṅkaṉ-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS Mutaliyā-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Aṭappaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kal-vīraṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Kal-vīrai: a variety of Vīrai tree Tekkilaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Puḷi-māṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kākal-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Cāḷampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Nēriya-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Periya-noccik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vēṭap-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mayil-muṭṭai-iṭṭa-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Viṭattal-kāṭṭuc-ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Neḷuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS Payirik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Ciṉṉa-iruvāṭcik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Iruvāṭci, Iruvāycci: Tasman jasmine, Jasminum sambacflore-manoraepleno (Tamil, MTL); from the bifurcation seen in the leaves, Iru+vāy (Tamil, DED 474 + 5352) Kūḻāṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kaṇṭaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kuṟñcāk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Taṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Ciṉṉak-koṅkara-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Āmpal-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Paṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Taḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Maṇiyar-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Iṟamiyaṉ Kaṟ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Noccik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kāra-veṭṭiyāṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kurukkaḷ-kuṟicuṭṭa-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. See Kuṟicuṭṭa-kuḷam Civalaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Cittaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Iṟampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Aracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kanta-uṭayār Pūvaracaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vēlappar Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS Cōṉaka Cāḷampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Iḷa-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tavaci-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Ēḻu-muṟippuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pattirakāḷi-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Pattira-kāli: a fork of the deity, Kāḷi; Bhadra: fortunate, delightful (Sanskrit, Rig Vedic, CDIAL 9377) Iluppaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mēṟ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Payarik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Makiḻaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Puḷi-taṟitta-puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kuṟi-cuṭṭa-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Āyil-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pirāmaṇaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Veḷik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Taccaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Neṟ-pulluk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vaikāḷi-kūḻaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kūḻaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tampaṉaik-kuḷam: two places, Vavuniya OIS. Tampaṉai: a tree Neḷuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Paṇṭāri-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tiruk-kōvil Nāvaṟ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Piñcu-viḷāttik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Aḻakar-camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mahā-iṟampaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pēyāṭi-kūḻaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Nālu-muṟippuk-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Katiraṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kāyāṇ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Nāmpaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pūtar-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Vēlappar-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Ōmantai, Vavuniya OIS Aliyaṉ-cāynta-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Katira-mara-ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pattiṉiyār-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Karum-paṉiccaik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS. Karum-paṉiccai: a variety of Paṉiccai tree Tēva-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Karu-vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Maṟavaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Mullaik-kuḷam: near Ammi-vaittāṉ, Vavuniya OIS Kal-vēlik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tavaciyā-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kaṭṭaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Taraṇik-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Tekkilāṉ-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Pāvaṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: near Ōmantai, Vavuniya OIS Muṟiyak-kuḷam: Vavuniya OIS Kokkilai Sheet: Kāyāṭik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Villi-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kocci-paṉiccaik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Pottuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kollaṉ-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Paṟaiyaṉ-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kūmaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Veṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Oṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Ōṭāvik-kuḷam: near Pulmōṭṭai, Kokkilai OIS Camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vaṉṉiyar-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kucak-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Noccik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Tōraṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Iṟamaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Periya-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kaṟuttār-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Taṉik-kalluk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Māṉāvārik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Karu-vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Āyilaṭik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Nittukkai-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vēlaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Paḻaiya-āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Paṇṭi-cuṭṭāṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Pūtaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Uṭaṅkaik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Karai-vāykkāl-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Pattaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kalakalappāṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS. Kalakalappāṉ: literally meaning, the one that makes rattling sound; probably the same as Kilukiluppai: 1. Species of rattewort, the seeds of which rattle in ripe pods, Crotalaria pulcherrima; 2. Laburnum-leaved rattlewort, Crotalaria laburnifolia; 3. A copiously branched shrub with quadrangular stems, Crotalaria verrucosa (Tamil, MTL) Vīraṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vampoṭukai-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS. Vambaṭu: a kind of brinjal, Solanum melongena (Sinhala, Clough) Paṇikkan-vayal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vaṇṇātti-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Periya-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Paṉiccaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Ciṉṉa-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Āna-olanda-kulam: near Gōmaraṅkaḍavala, Kokkilai OIS. From Āṉai-viḻuntāṉ-kuḷam Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vaṭṭikā-parappuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kal-iluppaik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vēlaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Camaḷaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kusak-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kalluk-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vaṉṉiyar-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Paṇiya-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Periya-tiṭal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Putu-vayal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Karai-vayal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS. Karai: edge in this context Veṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Nāvaṟ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Kuñcuk-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Amaiyaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Puḻutik-kal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Puḷukkaṇitta-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Cempaṉ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Natta-veḷik-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Amari-vayal-kuḷam: Kokkilai OIS Padaviya Sheet: Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam-paṟṟu: a former division, Padaviya OIC Kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Mayilaṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Viḷāṅ-kuḷam: two places, Padaviya OIC Kaṟ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Ilantaik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Vaṇṇāṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Vīraṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Viḷāttik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Nāvaṟ-kaṉik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Malaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Mum-malaik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Vaṭalik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Iluppaik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Poykaik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Tuvaraṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Māvak-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Kaḷa-veṭṭuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC. Kaḷa-veṭṭai: threshing floor, usually a high ground area reserved for this pupose in a tract of paddy fields Ūṟṟuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Ulakkuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC. Ulu: forest Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Elaiyaṉ-kiḷiyaṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Periya-mutaliyā-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Periya-marakkāyar-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Kokku-viḷāṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Paṉiccaṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Paṉaṅkaṭṭik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Cavari-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Ceṭṭi-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Periya-cempi-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Marukkāraṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Nāvaṟ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Periya-kalmaṭuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Ciṉṉa-marakkāyar-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Kuruppuṭṭik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Kiḷavi-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Piḷḷaiyā-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Marakkāyar-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Veṭi-vacca-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Periya-Aṭampaṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Noccik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Paṟaiyaṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Paṉ-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Mutalik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC. Mutali: Nephelium longanum (Eezham Tamil) Ellaik-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Koṭṭuk-kuḷam: Padaviya OIC Horowupotana Sheet: Cēṉai-veḷik-kuḷam: Horawupotana OIS Veṇṭaracṉ-kuḷam: Horawupotana OIS. Veṇṭaracaṉ: a king noted in the legends of Trincomalee Kuṟuñcā-kuḷam: Horawupotana OIS Trincomalee Sheet: Ammaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Pariyāri-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS. Pariyāri: physician, barber (Eezham Tamil); Parikāri: physician (Tamil, inscription, 1191 CE, SII, xvii, 595); Parihāra: attention, care (Pali, CDIAL 7901) Āṇṭāṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kōvilāṟu-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Taṭṭak-kal-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Makamatu-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Paṭṭiyāṉ-ūṟṟuk-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kayavantaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Aṭappaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Vēppaṅ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Mallu-malaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Aṇaikkal-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS. Aṇaikkal: stone dam Ciṉṉa-nayintai-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Iḷa-kantai-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Periya-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kaṭṭaik-kāṭṭuk-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Ciṟu-vaḷḷiyammai-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Periya-ālaṅ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Pokkar-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Campuk-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Pulavaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Toṭuvāṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Vaṭuva-maṅkai-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kokka-tīvuk-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Cemattaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Periya-nayintai-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kucavaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Cempanāyaṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Ittik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Nari-ilantaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Mara-veṭṭaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Ullaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Periya-veḷik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kaṅku-vēlik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Mēṉ-kāmam-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kirāṉ-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Nīlap-paḻaik-kuḷam: Trincomalee OIS Kathiraveli Sheet: Kal-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Nāvakaṉ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Kāttāṉ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Kollaṉ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Kuṟiñcāṅ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Paṉiccaṅ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Kirāṉ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Oṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Otti-veḷik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Periya-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Maṇal-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Cōḻaṉ-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Uvarcaṉ-veṭṭaik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Nalivu-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Maturaṅ-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Nāvaṟ-kāṭṭuk-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Malai-veḷik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Paṅkurānaik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Canteli-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Uṇu-kāmam-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Paḷḷik-kuḷam: Kathiraveli OIS Vakaneri Sheet: Penilaṉ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS. Penela: Soap-berry plant, Sapindus emarginatus (Sinhala, Clough); Pūvanti: soap nut (Tamil, DED 4370) Āṉai-cuṭṭa-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Kirimicci-ōṭaik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS. Kirimicci: a tree Kol-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Puḷiyaṭi-marutaṅ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Mutu-kallu-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS. The place has a rock and archaeological ruins Kaṅkāṇa-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Vatiri-Muṉ-mārik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Putuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Periya-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Pirappaṭik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Nelli-veṭṭiṉa-kuḷam: Aḻiñcilpottāṉai, Vakaneri OIS Karampai-veḷik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Putu-veḷik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Vallaṉ-vala-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Ālaṅ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Uṇa-vala-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Karuṅ-kāṭu-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Īccaṅ-kāṭu-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Iḷukohi-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Mūva-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Ciṟikēta-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Ciṅkara-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Kōrai-veḷik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Mā-vaṭṭuvāṉ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Ampu-villuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Koṭṭuk-kiṇaṟu-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Īccaṅ-kāṭṭuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Koḷahanā-veḷik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Kal-malaik-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Ampalaṉ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Kirimeṭṭiyā-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Vēlaṅ-kātṭuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Viṭattal-kāṭṭuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Pellaṉ-vala-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Mīyaṉ-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Cīvali-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Kumpuṟu-tīvuk-kuḷam: Vakaneri OIS Batticaloa Sheet: Perumā-veḷik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Putu-veḷik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Paḻaiya-veḷik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Cēṉai-veḷik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Paṉ-kuṭā-veḷik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Koṭṭuk-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Kōviṟ-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Iṭaik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Kaṭukkāy-muṉaik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Paṭaiyāṇṭa-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Paḻaṅ-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Kuñcil-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Periya-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Kirāḷaiyār-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Uṉṉiccaik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Kal-pottāṉaik-kuḷam: Batticaloa OIS Rukam Sheet: Cotayaṉ-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Irala-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Taravaik-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Mīyaṉ-kalluk-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Kāyāṅ-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Tīvuk-kuḷam: Rukam OIS Kalmuṉai Sheet: Ammaṉ-kōyil-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Ciṉṉa-vaṭṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Periya-vaṭṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Kiṇattaṭi-vaṭṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Paḻukāmam-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Vaṭṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Patta-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Vaṭattāṉ-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Periya-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Muṉ-mārik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Koṭai-mēṭu-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Āḻvāṉ-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Nocci-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Periya-kuḷam: two places, Kalmuṉai OIS Oṭṭaṉ-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Māvaṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Karayaṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Vitāṉai-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Kuṟukkuk-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Karayā-veḷik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Ciṉṉak-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Kāraiyaṭik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Puḷiyaṅ-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Karaccai-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS. Karaccai: Karaicci Tivulānaik-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS Nāviyaṉ-kuḷam: Kalmuṉai OIS. Nāviyaṉ_ probably Nāvitaṉ Tirukkovil Sheet: Periya-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Poṉṉam-veḷik-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Āvaraṇak-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Vammiyaṭik-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Kōraik-kaḷappuk-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Ammāḷ-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Vaṭṭik-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Kōraik-kaḷappuk-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Karuṅkoṭit-tīvuk-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Mattalak-kaṭṭuk-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Vaṅkāmattuk-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Malaiyaṭik-kuḷam: Tiruokovil OIS Pottuvil Sheet: Muṉ-mārik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Ālaṭik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Tukkella-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Maṭattup-puṭṭik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Roṭṭa-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Ciriyalē-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Marattaṭik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Cemmaṇik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Mentōḍaik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Paṭṭi-veḷik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Cērōlaik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Kirān-kōvaik-kuḷam: Pottuvil OIS Panama Sheet: Ṟūkam-veḷik-kuḷam: Panama OIS Kuderamalai Sheet: Pūk-kuḷam: Kuderamalai OIS Ilavaṅ-kuḷam: Kuderamalai OIS Kalpitti Sheet: Cambuk-kuḷam: Etalai, Kalpitti OIS Puttaḷam Sheet: Tāmaraik-kuḷam: Puttalam OIS Nāpataṉ-kuḷam: Puttalam OIS Pottuk-kuḷam: Puttalam OIS Pattaimēṉik-kuḷam: Puttalam OIS. Pattaimēṉi: probably the same as Kuppai-mēṉi: Acalypha indica (Tamil, DED 1737) Kokkiccāṉ-kuḷam: Mahakumbukkadawala, Puttalam OIS Kuḷam: other sources Kuḷap-piṭṭi: Kokkuvil, Jaffna Uṭumpaṉ-kuḷam: Thirukkoyil, Amparai (TN, 13. 08.13). Uṭumpu: iguana, Varanus bengalensis (Tamil, DED 592) Kontakkāran-kuḷam: Vavuniya (HAM records). Kontakkāran: palanquin bearer; from Kuntam  An example of a small ku'lam, showing the catchment area, tank, bund and the cultivation fields. Ilamaruthangku'lam in Vavuniyaa district. [Satellite image courtesy: Google Earth]
Revised: Friday, 07 April 2017, 21:00 Revised: Wednesday, 22 October 2014, 20:16 First published: Saturday, 30 June 2007, 01:00
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